Are There Different Types Of Ms – Multiple sclerosis, or MS, is an autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS), especially the brain and spinal cord. Autoimmune means that the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks its own tissues.
The central nervous system contains cells in the brain and spinal cord called neurons that send signals to other parts of the body. These signals control physical functions such as balance and muscle coordination, as well as thinking and other abilities. Signals travel through neurons through nerve fibers called axons, which are protected by a coating called myelin that helps axons carry signals.
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In MS, damage to neurons affects the body’s ability to send signals and causes symptoms associated with MS. Symptoms may vary depending on the location and size of the lesion. Today, researchers believe that both inflammation and neurodegeneration contribute to the erosion of MS.
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Inflammation is activated by the immune system. This causes swelling and damage to the myelin. When the myelin is lost, scars remain called sclerosis. This is where the name multiple sclerosis comes from.
The permanent damage and loss of neurons and axons is called “neuro-degeneration”. Scientists are learning more about this complex process every day. It is very important to know that neurodegeneration occurs early in MS and continues throughout the course of the disease. Recent studies have shown that neurons and axons are damaged and even destroyed during MS, even in the absence of inflammation. These results, according to MS experts, support early treatment.
Multiple sclerosis usually affects people between the ages of 20 and 50, with most people having their first symptoms in their 20s and 30s. Incidence is higher at certain northern latitudes, including Washington. Women are more likely to have MS than men, and it affects more Caucasians than other ethnicities. Research suggests that genetic factors may make some people more susceptible to MS, but there is no evidence that it is directly inherited.
No one knows why or how people develop multiple sclerosis. MS affects more than 2 million people worldwide, and approximately 400,000 people live with MS in the United States. It affects all races, but is more common among people of Northern European descent.
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MS symptoms occur when the immune system attacks myelin, the protective insulation around nerve fibers in the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). The myelin is destroyed and replaced by hard “sclerotic” scar tissue. Some nerve fibers are permanently severed. Damage occurs in several places in the central nervous system.
Myelin is often compared to the insulating material around an electrical wire; loss of myelin affects the transmission of nerve signals.
Although it is a lifelong disease, the vast majority of people with MS live slightly below the national average for men and women.
It is not known what causes MS. Many different theories have been proposed, but the most commonly accepted current theory is that MS develops in genetically predisposed individuals after cumulative exposure to a combination of viruses in early childhood.
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Early in MS, symptoms that may indicate many possible disorders come and go. Some people have symptoms that are very difficult for doctors to interpret, and those people have to wait and see. Although no laboratory test is yet available to prove or rule out MS, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is very helpful in reaching a definitive diagnosis.
It is very difficult to predict how MS will affect you. It affects everyone differently. The MS course usually follows three possible routes:
MS causes new or worsening symptoms (also called an exacerbation, attack or flare-up). It can be very mild or severe enough to affect a person’s ability to function at home and at work. No two flare-ups are the same, and symptoms vary from person to person and from flare-up to flare-up. For example, there may be episodes of optic neuritis (inflammation of the optic nerve that affects vision) or balance disorders or severe fatigue. Some flares cause only one symptom (inflammation in one area of the central nervous system), while other flares cause two or more symptoms at the same time (inflammation in more than one area of the central nervous system). ).
To qualify as a true exacerbation, the attack must last at least 24 hours and be separated from the previous attack by at least 30 days. Most flare-ups last from a few days to several weeks or even months.
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Exacerbations are caused by inflammation of the central nervous system. Inflammation damages myelin, which slows or interferes with the transmission of nerve impulses and causes MS symptoms.
In the most common disease course in MS, known as relapsing-remitting, sharp, well-defined flare-ups (exacerbations) occur as the inflammatory process gradually subsides. Remission does not necessarily mean that the symptoms go away completely – some people feel exactly as they did before the flare-up started, while others may have persistent symptoms.
No. Furthermore, most people with MS do not become severely disabled. Two thirds of people with MS are still able to walk, although many aids such as a cane or crutches are needed, and some use a scooter or wheelchair because of fatigue, weakness, balance problems, or for energy. to preserve. .
Multiple sclerosis can be treated but not cured. The relapsing MS treatments available aim to reduce the frequency of relapse and new damage to the nervous system. Unfortunately, existing damage cannot be repaired with treatment.
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*Information on this page comes from the following websites: King County MSA, Copaxone, and the National Multiple Sclerosis Association.
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Improve your community by joining our cause. You’d be surprised how much of a difference your time can make. Multiple sclerosis (also known as MS), a neurological and autoimmune disease that affects millions of people worldwide, is on the rise. As the number of diagnosed cases continues to rise, many people are surprised to learn that we have not been able to find a cure or even identify the specific cause of the disease.
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As recently as twenty years ago, there were virtually no treatment options for anyone diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Fortunately, due to increased pressure from public and global health organizations, increased funding for MS research has resulted in treatment options that help millions of people live longer and happier lives after being diagnosed with the disease .
Although cases of multiple sclerosis were documented and observed as early as 1300, neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot¹ did not identify or name the disease until 1868. Since then, the number of people living with the disease has increased disease, and there are more than 2.3 million people living with MS worldwide². As a degenerative disease, multiple sclerosis patients experience worsening symptoms over time, requiring more care and more comprehensive treatment as the disease progresses.
Because MS targets and damages the function of the nervous system, the symptoms of the disease often spread widely throughout the body as more neurons are damaged. Causing widespread and varied symptoms that can affect a person’s senses, muscle function, vision, digestive system, urinary function, and cognitive abilities, patients diagnosed with MS often experience profound changes in their daily lives the longer they live with the condition. disease³.
So, the question remains – why are we not able to find a cure as the number of cases increases, modern research methods improve and awareness of the disease increases?
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To better understand multiple sclerosis, we must first examine the pathology of the disease. The immune system, which is our body’s natural defense system against foreign pathogens in our environment, can sometimes become overactive. When this happens, immune cells can attack and destroy healthy body tissue, resulting in an autoimmune disease. In multiple sclerosis, the body’s nervous system is the victim of an attack by the immune system.
Healthy neurons in the brain and spinal cord are surrounded by an insulating layer of fatty substances and proteins called the myelin sheath⁴. By protecting the sensitive nerve cells, the myelin sheath also helps to increase the speed of electrical impulses that travel from the central nervous system to the peripheral nervous system⁴. Damage to the myelin sheath (caused by the immune system) leads to the development of multiple sclerosis, which leads to a slowing of the transmission of nerve impulses and the development of motor and sensory disturbances⁴. Currently, we have no way to reverse the damage to the nervous system caused by MS.
When most people think of MS, they usually think of motor symptoms that appear as the disease progresses. And while that has changed