How Many Different Types Of Ms Are There – Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a lifelong disease that affects the brain and spinal cord and can cause a variety of symptoms, including problems with vision, movement, sensation, and balance. Nerves are mainly affected in this disease.
Nerves carry messages between the brain and the rest of the body. They have a protective layer of a substance called myelin. In MS, the myelin sheath is damaged in places. This causes the nerves to stop working properly.
How Many Different Types Of Ms Are There
The cause of MS is unknown. Scientists believe that MS is caused by a combination of factors. To determine the reason for this, research is currently being conducted in the following areas:
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More and more knowledge is being gained about the environmental factors that contribute to the risk of MS. There is no single risk factor for MS, but several factors such as low levels of vitamin D, smoking, and obesity are thought to contribute to the overall risk.
Many viruses and bacteria are being studied to determine whether they are involved in the development of MS. EBV (Epstein-Barr virus), which causes glandular fever, has received much attention in recent years, and a growing body of research suggests that prior infection with EBV may contribute to the risk of developing the condition.
MS is not a genetic disease and therefore cannot be passed from generation to generation. However, there is a genetic risk that can be inherited.
MS is the most common cause of neurological disability in young adults. In Europe and North America, the annual incidence is between 2 and 10 per 100,000 population. This condition is most often diagnosed in people between the ages of 20 and 40, although it can occur at any age. Women are affected three times more often than men.
National Multiple Sclerosis Society
In some cases, MS can be mild, but in others it can be severely disabling. For many people, vision problems are the first symptoms. These include blurred vision, double vision, or you may not see colors clearly. Vision problems may come and go, but the good news is that your vision will return to normal.
The most common long-term symptoms are severe fatigue and numbness or tingling in certain parts of the body. Other symptoms depend on which nerves are affected.
The symptoms of MS can seem overwhelming, but it’s unlikely that you’ll experience all of these symptoms. In addition, various aspects of treatment help to relieve symptoms and delay the progression of the disease.
About 80 percent of people with MS initially have something called relapsing-remitting MS. This means an increase in symptoms that last for days or weeks. A relapse is called a relapse, but after each relapse, your symptoms go away completely, which is called remission. They can remain in remission for months or even years. However, as the disease progresses, some symptoms may not disappear completely after each relapse. There may be some residual symptoms that may worsen over time. When this happens, it is called secondary progressive MS.
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A less common type is called primary progressive. If you have this, your symptoms will never go away, but will gradually get worse.
The rarest form of MS is called relapsing-remitting MS. These types of symptoms tend to get steadily worse from the start, and relapses may occur if symptoms suddenly worsen.
There is no gold standard test that can confirm MS after the first episode of symptoms or in the early stages of the disease. However, some tests are helpful and may indicate that MS is a possible or probable cause of the symptoms.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain is useful because it can detect small areas of inflammation and scarring in the brain that may be caused by MS. However, the results – especially in the early stages of the disease – are not always meaningful. The result of the scan should always be considered in conjunction with the symptoms and physical examination.
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Sometimes other tests are done to help diagnose this condition. This includes lumbar puncture and evoked potential testing.
Unfortunately, there is no cure for MS. However, treatment can relieve symptoms, slow disease progression, and improve quality of life. Treatment depends on the type of MS and different treatments may be required over time.
It is difficult to say how MS will affect each individual, and much depends on the type of MS and how long it has lasted. You may need more help getting around, but don’t assume you need a wheelchair. Many people with MS can walk without assistance, and others can walk short distances, but may need walking aids and possibly a motorized wheelchair or scooter to help them walk longer distances. Some people with MS still have very little disability 15 to 20 years later.
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People can develop MS at any age, but most people are diagnosed between the ages of 20 and 50.
There are relapsing and progressive forms of MS, but their course is rarely predictable. Researchers still do not fully understand the cause of MS or why it is so difficult to determine the rate of progression.
According to the latest information from the National MS Society, nearly one million people in the United States are living with MS. This is more than double the last reported number and is the first national MS prevalence study since 1975.
People around the world live with MS. According to the MS Discovery Forum, approximately 200 new cases are diagnosed each week in the United States.
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MS rates are generally higher at the equator. Some researchers see vitamin D deficiency as a possible explanation.
, people with relatively high levels of vitamin D have a lower risk of developing MS. Those who develop MS are more likely to have a less severe course.
People from Northern Europe have the highest risk of developing MS, regardless of where they live. Meanwhile, Native American, African, and Asian people are at the lowest risk.
Children can also get MS. According to the National MS Society, approximately 5,000 children and adolescents are living with MS in the United States and approximately 10,000 children worldwide.
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People with biological relatives with MS also have a higher risk of developing the disease. Researchers believe that genetics, or the ability to inherit MS, lies somewhere between
, potentially dozens and hundreds of changes between genes can work together to create a genetic predisposition to develop MS.
The probability of developing this disease is higher than in the general population. In identical twins, if one twin has MS, the other twin has a 1 in 4 chance of having MS.
Researchers and neuroscientists still cannot say exactly what causes MS. The main cause of MS is damage to the myelin, nerve fibers and neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Together they form the central nervous system.
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Researchers hypothesize that a combination of genetic and environmental factors play a role, but how this happens is still not fully understood.
The relationship between the immune system and the brain can be seen as the culprit. Researchers hypothesize that the immune system may confuse normal brain cells with foreign cells.
Brain lesions detectable by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have been found in people at high risk of developing MS. According to the National MS Society, people with brain damage have a 60-80% chance of being diagnosed with MS within a few years.
However, brain damage was not detected on MRI in low-risk individuals. During that same time period, you have a 20 percent chance of being diagnosed with MS.
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RRMS is characterized by well-defined relapses of increasing disease activity and worsening symptoms. If the disease does not develop later, remissions are observed.
Symptoms may improve or disappear during remission. According to the National MS Society, about 85 percent of people have RRMS at first.
SPMS may follow the initial diagnosis of RRMS. As the disease progresses, disability may gradually increase, there may be signs of relapse or changes in MRI scans. Sometimes there may be relapses and periods of stability.
People with RRMS progress to SPMS within ten years of initial diagnosis. About 90% of people will pass within 25 years.
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PPMS is diagnosed in about 15 percent of people with MS. People with PPMS experience a steady progression of the disease without significant relapses or remissions. PPMS rate